Refereed Research Outputs

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  • Item
    A divergent perspective analysis on the characteristics of an excellent nurse teacher using Q methodology
    (Philippine Journal of Nursing, 2009) Biag, Al
    The objective of this study was to describe the divergent perspectives on the characteristics of an excellent nurse teacher among undergraduate nursing students. Q methodology was used as a method and a tool to examine the diversity of responses regarding what constitutes excellent teaching in nursing. Thirty-five (35) undergraduate nursing students ranked each item in a set of 41 statements (Q sample) using a 9-point scale that ranges from -4 (most uncharacteristic) to +4 (most characteristic). The Q statement rankings generated by the participants were factor analyzed using the centroid method and varimax rotation. The analysis yielded five factors representing viewpoints of five clusters of undergraduate nursing students. Each of these groups identified an excellent nurse teacher as someone with professional treatment to learning and the learner, efficient organization and management of learning, high regard to growth and expansion of knowledge, reasonable evaluation practices, and encouraging demeanor towards students. The five viewpoints about an excellent nurse teacher described a nomenclature of ideas that is distinct yet related to the usual ideas about good teaching in nursing.
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    Development and psychometric analysis of a strengths perspective-based instrument on clinical instruction in nursing
    (Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 2014) Biag, Al
    Strengths perspective in social work can be translated into nursing. There are, however, few references to the perspective in the nursing literature. Thus the purpose of this study was to add to the evidence of strengths perspectives as applied in nursing. Specifically, it aimed to develop and test the psychometric properties of an instrument designed to measure strengths perspective in clinical instruction. A methodological design guided the study. A purposive of 376 clinical instructors from select colleges of nursing in Central Luzon region in the Philippines accomplished the 39-item 5-level Likert scale. Construct validation revealed a three-factor (fostering reciprocity, initiating applicability, and identifying development areas) solution that accounted 39.43% of the variance. The index of internal consistency was .941. The results of factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha demonstrated adequate evidence of validity and reliability. The final 34-item instrument, Clinical Instructor’s Strengths Perspective Inventory, can be used as a scale representing self-reported application of the concept in clinical instruction.
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    Spirituality, religiosity, and Personal Beliefs of Australian Undergraduate Nursing Students
    (Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 2014) Lopez, Violeta ; Fischer, Imke ; Leigh, Maria ; Larkin, David ; Webster, Sue
    Purpose: To explore Australian nursing students’ perceptions of spirituality, religiosity, and personal belief. Background: Spiritual and religious literature support the benefits to patients’ physical and mental health. Nurses have an ethical obligation to understand and incorporate patient’s spiritual beliefs and values into the care plan. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the 32-item WHO-QOL-SRPB questionnaire. Sample: The sample consisted of 483 undergraduate nursing students in Sydney, Australia. Results: There were 21% male and 79% female students; age ranged from 18 to 56 years, with a mean age of 26.53 (SD = 7.32). There were no significant difference between male and female nursing students, but there were difference in SRPB scores between first-, second-, and third-year students and between religious affiliations. Conclusions and Implications: Spirituality is multidimensional and multilevel and is interconnected with religiosity and personal belief. Nurses need to understand their own spirituality before they can incorporate spirituality in their patient care.
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    Understanding the factors that make public participation effective in health policy and planning: a realist synthesis
    (CSIRO PUBLISHING, 2017) Pagatpatan, Celso Jr. ; Ward, Paul
    Although researchers argue for the importance of involving the public in developing health policy, there has been little focus on central research questions – such as what techniques of public participation work, in what circumstances, and why. This paper presents a realist synthesis which identifies and explains the underlying mechanisms and specific contextual factors that lead to effective public participation in health policy and planning. Peer-reviewed, English language literature was searched, which resulted in 77 articles for review and synthesis. This synthesis uncovered the underlying mechanism of ‘political commitment’ that generates public participation effectiveness. The other three possible underlying mechanisms, namely: ‘partnership synergy’, ‘inclusiveness’ and ‘deliberativeness’, were found to potentially provide further explanation on public participation effectiveness for health policy and planning. The findings of this review provide evidence that can be useful to health practitioners and decision-makers to actively involve the public when drafting public health policies and programs and, more importantly, guide them in deciding which strategies to best employ for which contexts.
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    Development of Framework for Clinical Nursing Research Fellowship in the Philippines
    (Philippine Journal of Nursing, 2017) Cura, Jonathan D.
    Fellowship programs serve as alternative means to bridge the gap between undergraduate education and nursing practice. The purpose of the study was to develop a framework for a Clinical Nursing Research (CNR) Fellowship Program in the Philippines. A sequential non-dominant mixed method design was used. It comprised the following: identifying the competencies needed by clinical nurses in research and EBP; the training needs of clinical nurses in research and EBP; the core competencies, functional competencies and tasks of CNR fellows; and describing potential fellows’ reactions and preferred ways of learning. Categorical analyses were done to analyze qualitative data. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze training needs and consensus agreement of experts. There were nine core competencies and 70 tasks of a CNR fellow that were distributed to the Beginner, Intermediate and Advanced Levels. Potential fellows prefer learning that is active, reflective, sequential, cooperative, guided by experts, personalized and involves use of technology. After learning the basics, they would need to learn more intensively on competencies that would help them become more capable of contributing to clinical practice. The CNR Fellowship Program framework seemed to contain contextually-relevant core competencies in clinical nursing research that are needed to augment basic nursing research education and to benefit clinical nursing practice.
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    Differing pathways to resiliency: A grounded theory study of enactment of resilience among acute care nurses
    (Nursing and Health Science, 2018) Ang, Shin Yuh ; Uthaman, Trendral ; Ayre, Tracy Carol ; Lim, Siew Hoon ; Lopez, Violeta
    It is well-recognized that nurses are exposed to high levels of stress, thus resilience has been postulated as a key trait in enabling nurses to cope successfully and remain in the profession. In this qualitative study, we used Glaser's approach to grounded theory. Nine nurses who scored low and nine nurses who scored high on the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale were recruited for one-on-one semistructured interviews of the factors contributing to their work-related stress and how they overcome these stressors. Three categories emerged from the data: outlook on work, self-efficacy, and coping responses. These categories led to the emergence of the theory “differing pathways to resiliency”. Despite the stresses experienced at work, some nurses were highly resilient, while others were not. Highly-resilient nurses tend to adopt active coping mechanisms, whereas nurses who have low resilience tend to undertake passive measures to let nature runs its course. The emerging theory provided an understanding of the different pathways to resiliency and how nurse leaders can potentially develop and grow the level of resiliency among nurses.
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    Intrauterine exposure to pre-eclampsia and the risk of autism spectrum disorder in offering: A meta-analysis
    (European Psychiatry, 2018-03-06) Dachew, Berihun ; Maravilla, Joemer ; Alati, Rosa ; Mamun, Abdullah
    Background: Evidence about the effect of intrauterine exposure to pre-eclampsia on offspring autism-spectrum disorder (ASD) is not well established. Aims To examine the association between pre-eclampsia and ASD. Method: PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases were searched. Pooled relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q- and the I 2-test. The presence of publication bias was evaluated by Egger's test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots. Results: Ten studies meet the inclusion criteria. The risk of ASD was 32% higher in offspring who had intrauterine exposure to pre-eclampsia compared with those not exposed (RR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.20-1.45). Sensitivity analysis revealed consistent pooled estimates ranging from RR = 1.30 (95% CI 1.17-1.44) to RR = 1.37 (95% CI 1.26-1.48). We found no significant heterogeneity and evidence of publication bias. Conclusion: Pre-eclampsia increased the risk of ASD in offspring. The finding suggests a need for early screening for ASD in offspring of women with pre-eclampsia. Declaration of interest None.
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    Genetic testing: Do cancer nurses have a role
    (Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing, 2018-06-04) Lopez Violeta
    Cancer care nurses are well positioned to provide specific genetic care and counseling. They are highly capable in comprehensively assessing patients and their family members for increased cancer risk, educating them about the availability of testing, making referrals for cancer genetic counseling and risk assessments, and providing follow‑up care. Knowledge in genetic testing will enable cancer nurses to integrate genomics not only into their practice and research but also into policy discussions and debates for the best interest of their patients, families, and the community.
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    Trends in repeated pregnancy among adolescents in the Philippines from 1993 to 2013
    (BMC, 2018-11-06) Maravilla, Joemer C. ; Betts, Kim S. ; Alati, Rosa
    Objective: The extent of repeated pregnancy (RP) and repeated birth (RB) among adolescents aged 15–19 is still unknown in the Philippines despite the health and socio-economic consequences. This study aims to investigate the RP and RB prevalence trends in the Philippines from 1993 to 2013. Methods: A total of 7091 women aged 15–24 who experienced at least one pregnancy were captured in the Philippine demographic health surveys from 1993 to 2013. Annual RP and RB prevalence per age group in three and five categories were calculated and stratified by region, type of residence and wealth index. Cochran–Armitage tests and multivariate logistic regression were applied to determine trend estimates. Results: Compared to women aged 19–21 years and 22–24 years, for which decreasing patterns were found, RP ([Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR =0.96; 95%Confidence interval (CI) =0.82–1.11) and RB (AOR = 0.90; CI = 0.73–1.10) trends among 15–18 year olds showed negligible reduction over the 20 years. From a baseline prevalence of 20.39% in 1993, the prevalence of RP among adolescents had only reduced to 18.06% by 2013. Moreover, the prevalence of RB showed a negligible decline from 8.49% in 1993 to 7.80% in 2013. Although RP and RB prevalence were generally found more elevated in poorer communities, no differences in trends were noted across wealth quintiles. Conclusion: For two decades, the Philippines has shown a constant and considerably high RP prevalence. Further investigation, not only in the Philippines but also in other developing countries, is necessary to enable development of secondary prevention programs.
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    The Endometriosis Impact Questionnaire (EIQ): a tool to measure the long-term impact of endometriosis on different aspects of women's lives
    (BMC Women's Health, 2019) Moradi Maryam, Parker Melissa, Sneddon Anne, Lopez Violeta, Ellwood David
    Endometriosis is a chronic disease impacting on many aspects of a woman’s life. Because of the chronic and recurring nature, many of the impacts of endometriosis could be missed using existing questionnaires which focus on recent events. Therefore, a questionnaire with a long-term perspective is necessary. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a questionnaire to measure the long-term impact of endometriosis on different aspects of women’s lives. Through a methodological design, phase 1 was qualitative and phase 2 was a cross-sectional study. The original 100 EIQ items were developed based on results from an earlier qualitative study and literature review. Through a process of assessing face and content validity this was reduced to 66 items. The psychometric properties of the final 63 item EIQ were evaluated through a web-based survey with data from 423 responders with a self-reported surgically-diagnosed endometriosis. Participants were aged 16-58 years. Exploratory factor analysis of a 66-item EIQ was established with 423 responders. The final 63-item EIQ contained six dimensions including: 33-item physical-psychosocial; 3-item fertility; 7-item sexual; 11-item employment; 6-item educational; and 3-item lifestyle. Cronbach’s alpha of 0.99 for the whole 63-item EIQ, and 0.84 to 0.98 for the dimensions suggests a very good reliability. High positive correlations between the EIQ and the EHP-5 (altered recall period) indicated good evidence of concurrent validity. High intra-class correlations indicated very good test-retest reliability. Conclusions: The EIQ, as a disease-specific questionnaire, could be used to provide a better understanding of the impact of endometriosis on different aspects of life, to better meet the needs of women. We recommend additional studies to establish validity evidence for the EIQ, including studies in other countries and languages.
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    Redefining chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuroplathy thorugh symptom cluster and patient-reported outcome over time
    (BMC Cancer, 2019) Wang Mian, Cheng Hui Lin, Lopez Violeta, Sundar Raghav, Yorke Janelle, Molasiotis Alex
    Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is common among cancer patients treated with neurotoxic chemotherapy agents. Better knowledge on symptom clusters of CIPN may help improve symptom management in clinical practice. This study aimed to identify symptom clusters of CIPN and to map their trajectories before initiation of chemotherapy to 12-month follow-up. A secondary analysis of a longitudinal dataset was conducted using principal component approach. The European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires Core 30 and CIPN 20 were used to measure symptom clusters of CIPN in patients with mixed cancer diagnosis across 10 time points over 12 months. Sample size in each assessment point ranged from 118 to 343 participants. Four CIPN symptom clusters were identified, including a clear sensory neuropathy symptom cluster, a mixed motor-sensory neuropathy symptom cluster, a mixed sensorimotor neuropathy symptom cluster, and a less clear autonomic neuropathy symptom cluster. The core symptoms in each symptom cluster were mostly stable while the secondary symptoms changed over time. The analysis suggests that CIPN is predominantly a sensory neuropathy with no evidence of a pure motor dysfunction but with mixed motor-related and autonomic changes accompanying sensory dysfunctions over time. Future symptom management strategies can be designed based on the morphology of CIPN.
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    Paternal involvement of Singaporean fathers within six months postpartum: A follow-up qualitative study
    (Midwifery, 2019) Shorey, Shefaly ; Ang, Lina ; Goh, Esther ; Lopez, Violeta
    Objective: This study aims to understand paternal involvement within the six-month postpartum period to identify the challenges and needs of Singaporean fathers. Design: The study used a descriptive qualitative design. Setting and Participants: This research is a follow-up study of 50 first-time and experienced fathers who were originally interviewed in the early postpartum period. Fathers were recruited from a local public hospital in Singapore. Measurements: Individual semi-structured interviews using an interview guide were conducted at six months postpartum with the fathers. The interview recordings were transcribed and analysed using the- matic analysis. Results: Four major themes emerged from the analysis: (1) fathers’ understanding of their involvement at six months postpartum, (2) challenges of paternal involvement, (3) impact on marital relationship, and (4) needs of fathers. The respondent fathers were determined to be motivated differently during this timepoint as compared to at one week postpartum, but hindrances from work commitments and the presence of support limited paternal involvement. Strained marital relationship and sexual needs surfaced in this study. One father reported to be at risk for depression. Co-parenting practices buffered against marital dissatisfaction. Moreover, the informational needs of fathers differed at one week and six months postpartum. Key Conclusions: This follow-up study revealed that the concerns and needs of fathers continue to emerge in accordance with their infants’ growth and needs in different postpartum periods. Necessary assistance in the form of long-term follow-ups and online educational resources may be dynamic in supporting the emerging needs of fathers. Implications for practice: Healthcare professionals should engage in interventions that are dynamic in suiting fathers’ needs at different time points and cultural contexts
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    The effects of mindfulness and health education programs on the emotional state and cognitive function of elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial
    (Journal of Neuroscience, 2019) Klainin-Yobas, Piyani ; Kowitlawakul, Yanika ; Lopez, Violeta ; Tang, Chao Tian ; Hoek, Kua Ee ; Gan, Goh Lee ; Lei, Feng ; Rawthaer, Iris ; Mahendran, Rathi
    This study aimed to determine the efficacy of mindfulness practice on emotional state and cognitive function of community-living elderly with mild cognitive impairment. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with the experimental group undergoing a Mindfulness Awareness Program (MAP) and an active control group undergoing a Health Education Program (HEP) over a nine month period. Sessions were conducted weekly for the first three months and monthly for the remaining six months. Self-reported questionnaires in English and Chinese were administered through face-to-face interviews to collect data at baseline, three months and nine months. Descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyse data. Fifty-five elderly participants aged sixty and above, were randomized to MAP (N = 28) and HEP (N = 27) programs. Participants in both intervention arms experienced decreases in depressive and anxiety symptoms over the nine -month period. A significant improvement occurred in the HEP group in depression scores at three months and anxiety scores at both three and nine months. There were no statistically significant changes on cognitive function in both groups over the nine month period. Both the MAP and HEP can benefit the emotional states of community-living elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Our study supports the usefulness of group-based HEP as a low cost intervention for promoting active aging and psychological health in a community setting.
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    Predictors of Psychological Well-Being among Higher Education Students
    (Psychology, 2019) Harding, Thomas, ; Lopez, Violeta ; Klainin-Yobas, Piyanee
    This study aimed to examine the relationships among stress, protective factors and psychological well-being (PWB). A cross-sectional predictive research design was carried out. A convenience sample of 152 students was recruited from a higher education institution in New Zealand. Data were collected by using online self-reported questionnaires and analysed by descriptive statistics and path analyses (with IBM AMOS). Results showed that the hypothesised model fit well with the sample data. Resilience, mindfulness, support from family, and support from significant others were significant predictors of PWB. Furthermore, stress significantly predicted social support, resilience, self-efficacy, and mindfulness. There is the need to develop prevention interventions (e.g., a resilience-building and mindfulness interventions) for students to help them manage stress and achieve PWB.
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    Using the Braden subscales to assess risk of pressure injuries in adult patients: A retrospective case-control stud
    (International Wound Journal, 2019) Lim, Ellen ; Mordiffi,Zubaidah ; Chew, Han Shi ; Lopez, Violeta
    The aim of this study was to compare the pressure injury risk predictability between the individual Braden subscales and the total Braden scale in adult inpatients in Singapore. A retrospective 1:1 case-control design was used from a sampleof 199 patient medical records. Clinical data were collected from a local university hospital's medical records database. The results showed that, among the six subscales, the activity subscale was the most sensitive and specific in predicting pressure injury (PI). However, the overall results showed that the Braden scale remained the most predictive of PI development in comparison with the individual subscales. The study also found that, among the Singaporean patients, the Braden cut-off score for PI risk was 17 compared with the current cut-off score of 18. Therefore, it may be relevant for local tertiary hospitals to review their respective Braden cut-off scores as the study results indicate an over-prediction of PI risk, which leads to unnecessary utilisation of resources. The hospital may also consider developing a PI prevention bundle comprising commonly used preventive interventions when at least one Braden subscale reflects a suboptimal score.
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    Exploring the Risks of Repeated Pregnancy Among Adolescents and Young Women in the Philippines
    (Maternal and Child Health Journal, 2019-01-05) Maravilla, Joemer C. ; Betts, Kim S. ; Alati, Rosa
    Objective Knowledge of the factors which influence repeat pregnancy can inform much needed evidence-based prevention programs. This study aims to identify correlates of repeat pregnancy in the Philippines. Methods We used data from five Philippine Demographic and Health Surveys (1993–2013). A total of 4757 women 15–24 years old who had experienced ≥ 1 pregnancy were included. Individual and partner-related factors were fitted into a series of logistic regression stepwise models with deformalized survey weights. Stratified analyses using two age groups (15–19, 20–24) were also conducted. Interaction terms were included to test for statistical differences between the groups. Results Lower wealth quintiles [odds ratio (OR) 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–2.49] and partner characteristics such as age of ≥ 30 years (OR = 1.99, CI = 1.41–2.82), multiple partners (OR = 4.19, CI = 1.57–11.19) and live-in status (OR = 1.38, CI = 1.02–1.87) were found to be highly correlated with repeat pregnancy in fully adjusted analysis. Receiving prenatal care from traditional healers (OR = 1.93, CI = 1.02–3.63) during the first pregnancy and giving birth for the first time before 18 years of age (OR = 1.12, CI = 1.04–1.20) showed increased risks among 15–19 years old compared to 20–24 years old in stratified analysis. Conclusions for practice In general, partner characteristics were associated with repeat pregnancy among young women suggesting male involvement, especially older partners, in family planning. High risks for repeat pregnancy were observed among adolescent women who reported younger age at first birth and received prenatal care from a traditional healer which entail promotion of trained prenatal care. Further analysis is needed to validate these findings in other developing countries.
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    Views about getting older as predictors to self-esteem of professionals nearing retirement
    (Enfermeria Clinica, 2019-02-06) Borrico, Carlo Bryan
    Objective: This study aimed to measure the participants’ views on aging, as well as their self esteem. More so, it sought to determine if views of getting older significantly predicts theself-esteem of professionals nearing retirement. Method: A descriptive correlation design was used. Through convenience sampling, 100 pro fessionals nearing retirement were recruited and asked to answer the Aging Perceptions Questionnaire (APQ) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and multiple regressions were used. Results: The results revealed that both emotional representations and consequences positive statistically and significantly predicted self-esteem. This means that when individuals think less of the mentioned emotions, the higher their self-esteem will be. Conclusions: The findings of this study emphasized the importance of maintaining aged person’s self-worth, identity, sense of purpose and self-esteem which are usually lost prior to retirement. It highlights the most common age-related changes usually experienced by aged person.
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    Influence of Depression on Contraceptive Use among Adolescents
    (BMJ, 2019-11-18) Maravilla, Joemer C. ; Salom, Caroline ; Betts, Kim S. ; Alati, Rosa
    Aim Despite the extensive health promotion interventions to improve contraceptive uptake among sexually active adolescents, well-informed adolescents may still undertake poor contraceptive choices due to poor mental health. This study primarily sought to examine the effect of depression in adolescence on future use of modern contraception in young adulthood. Methods We used three (i.e. 2002, 2005 and 2007) waves of the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, which used multi-stage sample of mother-child dyads from a metropolitan area in the Philippines. In our analysis, we inlcuded a total of 453 male and nonpregnant female index children (IC) who ever had sexual activity and were not using any modern contraceptives at 18 years of age. Depression was measured when IC were approximately 18, 21 and 24 years old using the 16-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) Scale. We employed a series of multivariate logistic regression analyses to examine the longitudinal effect of depression on contraceptive use. All estimates obtained were adjusted for sex, age at first intercourse, family planning awareness, religiosity, number of past pregnancies for adolescent girls or times impregnated someone for adolescent boys, number of sexual partners, and school enrolment. Results Approximately one out of three sexually active adolescents exhibited depressive symptoms at 18 years old (CESD 10). High proportion of non-users at 21 years were observed among those with depression (91.06%) unlike those without (79.29%) at 18 years. Adjusted analyses showed a strong link between depressive symptoms and non-use of contraception. Adolescents with depressive symptoms at 18 years were approximately 3 times more likely not to use modern contraception at 21 years of ag [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=3.01; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI)= 1.44-6.23) and to consistently not use contraception at 21 and 24 years (AOR=2.91; 95% CI=1.03-8.22). Persistent depression at 21 years increased the risk of contraceptive non-use at 21 years by 3.36 times (Adjusted Risk Ratio=3.36; 95% CI=1.04-10.84). Conclusion Depressive symptoms strongly predicts young people’s decision to use modern contraception. Our study highlights the importance of early detection of depression and of addressing mental health issues to assure non-altered cognition in making contraceptive choices particularly during education and family planning counselling activities.
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    A study on health and hygiene needs, strategies, and well‐being of an Aeta indigenous community in the Philippines through photovoice methods
    (Asian Social Work and Policy Review, 2020) Eun-Mi Yang; Jwakyum Kim; Biag, Al; Mangulabnan, Jefferson; Dela Cruz, Arlan; Sarmiento, Philip Joseph
    On a global scale, poor access to health and social welfare services for indigenous populations has threatened their overall well‐being, especially those living in remote or peripheral areas. Academics from two higher education institutions in South Korea and the Philippines conducted a community‐based research in an indigenous Aeta community in the highlands of Pampanga Province in the Philippines’ Central Luzon region. Using a photovoice method and community survey, they investigated family health and hygiene as well as the current strategies this indigenous community employs to address their concerns. Results revealed that the community lacks the basic human needs and services such as water, food, shelter, education, and health service. They demonstrated, however, resilience in managing their lives by making use of the available natural resources and by drawing strength from community spirit. This study provided insights on how higher education institutions and other concerned agencies craft initiatives intended to benefit vulnerable populations and underserved communities such as the indigenous peoples.
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    Work Ethics of the Proficient Teachers: Basis for a District Learning Action Cell (LAC) Plan
    (ASIA Pacific Higher Education Research Journal, 2020-02-14) Borrico, Carlo Bryan, Borrico, Corazon, & Borrico Leonardo
    It is critical for the teacher, as one of the most indispensable staff in the education system, to foster work ethics and to act as a role model to his/her students. Since there are many societal expectations on teacher, every teacher is directed to do what is right. This study determined the work ethics of the proficient teachers in the West District of the Schools Division of Angeles City. A cross sectional descriptive survey research design was used to describe the 124 proficient teachers with four to five years of teaching experience from the 12 schools in the said district. Most of the participants obtained very low scores on self reliance, leisure, and morality/ethics. This result indicates that most of them somewhat express that they strive for independence in their daily work and believe in the importance of non-work related activities. Since most of the participants got the lowest score on self reliance, leisure, and morality/ethics, the researchers developed a District LAC plan to fortify teachers’ low mean score on work ethics dimensions.